This study considered the actual conflict and the official repatriation process and characteristics of Japanese residents of North Korea, especially Pyongyang, after liberation to escape to South Korea, an unofficial repatriation process.
Since August 10, the Soviet military government has been stationed in North Korea to ban Japanese people from moving to outside areas, and has sent a number of young men to the Soviet mainland and Siberia's maritime provinces for various services. The Japanese were looking forward to returning home in the opposite of the luxurious life they had before the defeat. However, they had no idea of the timing of their repatriation and had to live as an escape at all times by Soviet tyranny. In addition, all savings such as banks and post offices were received and unavailable immediately after the end of the war, and there was a limit to enduring the severe cold due to high prices. The Japanese living in Pyongyang tried to stow away and escape from the South by individual or small scale, especially because Pyongyang was concentrated in various governments, including Soviet occupation agencies, and there was a stronger crackdown than other regions. The massive escape of the Japanese began at the end of February 1946, and the conflict of hardship in the escape process was beyond description, and there were also many casualties. In particular, the Japanese, who had been moved from Chueul to Jinnampo and waited for their repatriation ship, have taken many lives due to the outbreak of malignant measles and typhoid fever. Shortly after the mass escape was almost completed, the official repatriation of the Japanese was announced and an agreement was reached on their repatriation. The first official repatriation ship, Yeongpunghwan, entered Wonsan in December 1946, and it was discovered that the Japanese in Wonsan, Munpyeong, and Heungnam took the repatriation ship, and after that, the second ship left the port in March 1947, July, November 1948.
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